![]() Additional symptoms of cholecystitis include stiffening of the muscles on the right side of the abdomen, bloating of the abdomen, chills, and fever. In addition to pain, many affected individuals experience nausea, vomiting and shortness of breath when inhaling (due to pain). The right upper quadrant will likely be tender and 25% of patients have a perceptible mass there after 24 hours of symptoms. It can worsen with deep breaths and may radiate into the back and right shoulder blade (scapula). Upper abdominal pain usually lasts longer than six hours, often beginning a few hours after a meal or at night. In acute calculous cholecystitis, the pain is often sudden and intense but it can be described as cramping, dull, or steady. Upper abdominal pain, often localized to the right upper quadrant, is the most common symptom. The specific symptoms associated with cholecystitis vary among patients. Acalculous cholecystitis is associated with a higher mortality rate (~45%) due in part to serious underlying medical conditions and delayed diagnosis. Approximately 2-15% of cases of cholecystitis are acalculous and usually occur in very sick hospitalized patients. ![]() Repeated mild episodes of acute cholecystitis may result in chronic cholecystitis, causing thickening and shrinking of the gallbladder wall resulting in an inability to store bile.Īnother form of cholecystitis, acute acalulous cholecystitis (AAC) is an inflammatory disease of the gallbladder without evidence of gallstones or obstruction of the cystic ducts. If the obstruction persists, it results in inflammation, infection, and even lack of blood flow (ischemia), a common condition known as acute cholecystitis, or acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC). Up to 80% of all gallstones do not cause symptoms but obstruction within the bile ducts can cause gallbladder swelling (distension) and severe pain and tenderness of right side of abdomen and/or back (biliary colic). Gallstones may lodge in the bile ducts and block the release of bile causing a backup. Gallstones develop when the components of bile, such as cholesterol and bilirubin, remain in the gallbladder and solidify into “pebble-like” material. When food is consumed, it is partially digested by the stomach and enters the small intestine, where bile is released by the gallbladder to aid in the breakdown of fats. ![]() Bile is a compound composed mainly of cholesterol, bile salts and bilirubin, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder during fasting states. The gallbladder is a small pear shaped organ that stores and concentrates bile used for digestion of fats. 5 Myths About Orphan Drugs and the Orphan Drug Act.Information on Clinical Trials and Research Studies.
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